Chicago/Turabian is the student version of The Chicago Manual of Style
The main differences between the two is Chicago/Turbabian is intended for student papers that will not be published and also includes formatting guidelines.
Authors of professional papers that will be published do not included formatting requirements, because their work will be formatted according to the guidelines of each publisher.
Both the student and the professional versions are considered "official" Chicago Style.
Source citations in Chicago/Turabian style come in two forms:
(1) notes and bibliography (or simply notes)
(2) author-date
These two systems are also sometimes referred to as Chicago-style citations, because they are the same as the ones presented in The Chicago Manual of Style.